Atopic dermatitis - 特应性皮炎
常见于皮肤裸露的褶皱部位，如眼睑和颈部。特应性皮炎通常是因对花粉或螨虫过敏而引发的。
这种急性湿疹对低效的皮质类固醇洗剂反应良好。应尽早使用外用药物，因为抓挠后病变会增厚并转变为苔藓。
relevance score : -100.0%
References特应性皮炎是一种湿疹，是最常见的慢性皮肤炎症。其原因十分复杂，涉及遗传和环境因素，导致皮肤屏障和免疫系统异常。
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
特应性皮炎发作的首选治疗是外用皮质类固醇。吡美莫司和他克莫司属于局部钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂，可与外用皮质类固醇联合使用，作为初始治疗方案。当常规治疗不足时，紫外线光疗是治疗中度至重度特应性皮炎的安全、有效选择。针对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素能够有效控制继发性皮肤感染。虽然较新的药物（crisaborole and dupilumab）显示出治疗特应性皮炎的前景，但目前对多数患者而言仍然价格昂贵。
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
特应性皮炎是全科医学中常见的问题，尤其在儿童中。为患有该疾病的儿童开具局部类固醇处方需要充分了解。要让父母坚持治疗，需要向他们充分解释，以减轻对皮质类固醇长期副作用的担忧。
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
病因尚不明确，但居住在城市或生活在干燥气候中的人更易发病。接触化学品（如肥皂）或频繁洗手可使症状加重。情绪压力虽可诱发症状恶化，但并非根本原因。
治疗措施包括避免诱因（如使用肥皂）、在出现红斑时使用类固醇药膏以及口服止痒药。常见的加重因素有羊毛衣物、肥皂、香水、灰尘、饮酒和香烟烟雾。若出现细菌感染，可能需要使用抗生素（口服或外用）。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
在患处使用非处方类固醇并口服非处方抗组胺药通常效果显著，是首要措施。可配合使用各种保湿剂，但因特应性皮炎属于免疫性疾病，仅靠保湿霜无法根治。用肥皂清洗病变部位可能加重症状。睡眠不足或压力大时，过敏症状往往会恶化。
* 非处方抗组胺药
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
* 非处方类固醇
#Hydrocortisone cream
#Hydrocortisone ointment
#Hydrocortisone lotion
* 非处方保湿霜
#Eucerin
#Cetaphil